Atomically precise carbon nanostructures offer a new route to quantum systems built from the bottom up. By combining molecular design, on-surface synthesis and scanning probe microscopy, we can control atomic structure, electronic states and magnetic interactions within the same platform.
\r\nIn this talk, I will follow the path from bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons [1,2] to open-shell nanographenes [3] and designer quantum spin systems [4]. I will discuss how atomic structure can determine electronic topology and how molecular spins can be coupled into well-defined quantum chains. Recent examples include Haldane chains [4], alternating-exchange spin chains [5] and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains [6], where collective and fractional excitations can be probed directly at the atomic scale.
\r\nMore broadly, this work illustrates a materials-science strategy in which structure, functionality and interactions are programmed at the level of molecular building blocks. Rather than optimizing properties in an existing material, the aim is to design the material and its quantum behavior together. Atomically precise carbon nanostructures therefore provide a model platform for exploring how synthesis, structure and emergent functionality can be linked in a predictive way, with implications for the future design of low-dimensional electronic, magnetic and quantum materials.\r\n
Biological systems have already paved several routes for bioinspired materials, e.g., for structural colours, wetting, adhesion, and mechanical properties. They have largely involved equilibrium or kinetically trapped properties. By contrast, biological systems allowing multifunctional properties are characteristically dissipatively and dynamically adaptive and incorporate homeostatic feedback mechanisms to regulate the dynamic states. They also typically use signal transduction to mediate the signal from the sensory elements to the responsive sites, unlike the classic man-made stimuli responsive materials. These concept suggest avenues towards more complex life-like functions in soft matter. Herein, optically driven hydrogel systems are presented to drive homeostatically controlled thermal oscillations and to mediate signal transduction via thermal intermediate signalling (1). On the other hand, biological magnetoreception in elasmobranch organisms involves electromagnetic induction (EMI) and suggests avenues for bioinspired electrical signal transductions. We show magnetic profile recognition of translocated magnetically encoded soft matter objects using electrical intermediate signaling by EMI and decoding the magnetic information with machine learning (2). Combination of high stiffness and promoted dynamics for self-healing has turned challenging to combine. Self-healing hydrogels, still combining high tensile stiffness close to that of skin were shown by using polymers upon nanoconfinement in 2D-nanosheet layered confinements (3). Finally, we show trainable actuations in bilayer gel actuators (4). Ever more complex responses can be created, such as mimicking the Pavlovian classical conditioning (5), all paving ways for growingly life-like functions for soft robotics and interfacing with biology.
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\r\n1. H. Zhang, H. Zeng, A. Eklund, H. Guo, A. Priimagi, O. Ikkala, Feedback-controlled hydrogels with homeostatic oscillations and dissipative signal transduction, Nat. Nano, 17, 1303 (2022).
\r\n2. Z. Miao, X. Hu, K. Liu, S. Hu, G. Yan, H. Tan, O. Ikkala, Z. P. Lv, B. Peng, Bioinspired sensory transduction for magnetic profile recognition and encryption, Adv. Mat. 38 e15994 (2026).
\r\n3. C. Liang, V. Dudko, O. Khoruzhenko, X. Hong, Z.-P. Lv, J. Breu, O. Ikkala, H. Zhang, Stiff and self-healing hydrogels by polymer entanglements in co-planar nanoconfinement, Nat. Mater. 24, 599 (2025).
\r\n4. S. Hu, Y. Fang, C. Liang, M. Turunen, O. Ikkala, H. Zhang, Thermally trainable dual network hydrogels, Nat. Commun., 14, 3717 (2023).
\r\n5. H. Zhang, H. Zeng, A. Priimagi, O. Ikkala, Programmable responsive hydrogels with classical conditioning algorithm, Nat. Commun., 10, 3267 (2019).
The function of many materials, from biological tissues to industrial polymers, depends on how their nanoscale building blocks are arranged and aligned within a macroscopic structure, which is essential to understand but difficult to resolve: established high-resolution techniques typically access only small sample volumes, limiting the ability to capture structural or biological variability across extended, heterogeneous samples.
\r\nSmall-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) imaging probes local nanostructure by raster-scanning a focused synchrotron beam across a sample. This can be extended to resolve nanostructure orientation voxel-by-voxel in three dimensions in a method called SAXS tensor tomography, which we implement in our open-source software package Mumott. In this presentation, I will show how this approach, and its continued development, can be applied across different material systems.
\r\nFor injection-molded polymer packaging, SAXS imaging has resolved the layered anisotropic nanostructure important for its mechanical properties, and, combined with industrial processing simulations, the structure formation during thermal processing. Another example is bone, where resolving structure requires both three-dimensional information and sufficient sampling to capture biological variability. Combining 2D and 3D SAXS imaging, we studied regional differences in the human femoral neck, an anatomical site relevant to hip fractures, and, at higher resolution, resolved alternating chirality between neighboring lamellae within individual osteons, a structural feature proposed on mechanical grounds over a century ago.
\r\nThese examples illustrate how tensor tomography, extended beyond X-ray scattering to wide-angle diffraction and visible-light polarimetry, provides a route to resolving hierarchical structure across a wide range of material systems.
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\r\nBio: Marianne Liebi studied food science at ETH Zurich, where she also completed her PhD in 2013, followed by postdoctoral research at the Paul Scherrer Institute and MAX IV Laboratory, Lund. In 2017, she started her own research group at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, and was appointed in 2021 as tenure-track Assistant Professor at EPFL, where she heads the Laboratory for X-ray Characterization of Materials (cam-X) within the Institute of Materials, in a joint position with the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). Her research develops advanced X-ray and optical imaging techniques, centered on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in 2D and 3D, to resolve the hierarchical structure of materials ranging from fiber composites to pharmaceutical formulations and bone.
An opportunity to celebrate the end of the year and share quantum research at EPFL with one another and the larger community. The event will include short lectures on topics in quantum for the general community, optional lab visits, and food and drinks!
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\r\nFull program and registration available in October