BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Memento EPFL// BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Blue Brain Virtual Talk - Similarities and differences of human an d rodent neocortical synapses\, neurons and networks DTSTART:20220404T170000 DTEND:20220404T174500 DTSTAMP:20260508T032341Z UID:f1402b60ec14c5e02fdea76f6de3324161d2fd8dae4d379dda8518fd CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars DESCRIPTION:Gabor Tamas\nThe EPFL Blue Brain Project is delighted to welco me Gabor Tamas for a virtual talk.\n\nBiography\n\nGabor Tamas is Professo r of Neuroscience at the University of Szeged\, Hungary.\n\nHe started his neuroscience studies in the laboratory of Profs. Peter Somogyi and Eberha rd Buhl at the University of Oxford and defined the effect\, number and lo cation of synapses between neocortical neurons. This work also revealed th at certain types of cortical neurons could control themselves by establish ing autapses between their axons and the parent soma/dendrites. When estab lishing a laboratory in Szeged\, he developed a combined electrophysiologi cal and neuroanatomical approach to study the interactions between neurons of the cerebral cortex and identified an intercellular mechanism capable of synchronizing neurons at gamma frequency.\n\nHe received training from Prof. Rafael Yuste at Columbia University in two photon and high-speed con focal imaging and the collaboration revealed that dendrites of interneuron s consist of Ca2+ microdomains separating individual synapses. He applied standardized procedures in his laboratory in order to develop a library of specimens currently containing >15000 functionally connected pairs of neo cortical neurons recorded and archived for correlated light and electron m icroscopy.\n\nThis dataset allows the analysis of rare cell types or conne ctions in the cortex and was essential in discovering the first type of in terneuron\, the so-called neurogliaform cell\, capable of eliciting slow\, GABAB receptor mediated inhibition in the cerebral cortex. Moreover\, his group demonstrated that axo-axonic cells\, which were considered as the m ost specific inhibitory neurons\, are not only inhibitory but also functio n as the most powerful excitatory neurons of the cerebral cortex. This was the first study for which the group successfully performed multiple patch clamp recordings in slices taken from the human cerebral cortex in collab oration with Prof. Pál Barzó (University of Szeged). The dataset concern ing synaptic interactions of human neurons also showed that single neurons are capable of activating Hebbian networks in the human cerebral cortex.\ n\nHis group went on explaining the function of neurogliaform cells and re vealed that this cell type uses GABA for a single cell driven form of nons ynaptic or volume transmission for the modulation of the surrounding micro circuit. The group also found that insulin is expressed and released by ne ocortical neurogliaform cells and discovered novel cell types in the human cerebral cortex in collaboration with the Allen Institute. His current ex periments focus on identified microcircuits in behaving humans.\nGabor Tam as is a member of the Academia Europaea and the Hungarian Academy of Scien ces.\n\nAbstract\nExperiments on animal models showed that the efficacy of chemical transmission between neurons depends on several factors includin g the number\, spatial distribution and size of synapses\, presynaptic rel ease mechanisms\, postsynaptic membrane properties and synaptic plasticity . Recordings from human synaptic connections indicated species related dif ferences in synaptic properties leading to altered signal propagation in h uman cortical microcircuits compared to animal models.\n\nThe presentation will elucidate quantal and structural differences of human and rat neocor tical synapses mechanistically explaining why single neurons of the human neocortex can trigger high and low frequency rhythmic activity in local ne tworks. In turn\, experiments will be presented from freely behaving anima ls detecting rhythmic network episodes at various frequencies and the corr esponding firing of identified interneurons and pyramidal cells during def ined epochs of slow wave sleep. The suggestion that evolutionally conserve d network episodes could be differentially recruited in mammalian species will be discussed.\n\n\nHow to register\n\nRegistration is required to joi n the talk – click here -https://epfl.zoom.us/meeting/register/u50rduCv qTMqE9H5PtO2EU4zEVs9mRDm-fqt \n\nAfter registering\, you will receive a c onfirmation email containing information about joining the talk. LOCATION:https://epfl.zoom.us/meeting/register/u50rduCvqTMqE9H5PtO2EU4zEVs 9mRDm-fqt STATUS:CONFIRMED END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR