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SUMMARY:BMI Seminar // Philippe Tobler "Decomposing motivation into value 
 and salience"
DTSTART:20241101T121500
DTEND:20241101T131500
DTSTAMP:20260406T052234Z
UID:46d50d847928b834465c815b75437a8717540ebd0fa07a08027d1b4e
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Philippe Tobler\, University of Zurich  \nHumans and other an
 imals approach reward and avoid punishment and pay attention to cues predi
 cting these events. Such motivated behavior thus appears to be guided by v
 alue\, which directs behavior towards or away from positively or negativel
 y valenced outcomes. Moreover\, it is facilitated by (top-down) salience\,
  which enhances attention to behaviorally relevant learned cues predicting
  the occurrence of valenced outcomes. Using human neuroimaging\, we recent
 ly separated value (ventral striatum\, posterior ventromedial prefrontal c
 ortex) from salience (anterior ventromedial cortex\, occipital cortex) in 
 the domain of liquid reward and punishment. Moreover\, we investigated pot
 ential drivers of learned salience: the probability and uncertainty with w
 hich valenced and non-valenced outcomes occur. We find that the brain diss
 ociates valenced from non-valenced probability and uncertainty\, which ind
 icates that reinforcement matters for the brain\, in addition to informati
 on provided by probability and uncertainty alone\, regardless of valence. 
 Finally\, we assessed learning signals (unsigned prediction errors) that m
 ay underpin the acquisition of salience. Particularly the insula appears t
 o be central for this function\, encoding a subjective salience prediction
  error\, similarly at the time of positively and negatively valenced outco
 mes. However\, it appears to employ domain-specific time constants\, leadi
 ng to stronger salience signals in the aversive than the appetitive domain
  at the time of cues. These findings explain why previous research associa
 ted the insula with both valence-independent salience processing and with 
 preferential encoding of the aversive domain. More generally\, the distinc
 tion of value and salience appears to provide a useful framework for captu
 ring the neural basis of motivated behavior.\n 
LOCATION:SV 1717 https://plan.epfl.ch/?room==SV%201717 https://epfl.zoom.u
 s/j/64813563657
STATUS:CONFIRMED
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