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SUMMARY:Transposable elements in vertebrates: From invasive crowd to emerg
 ing stars 
DTSTART:20130913T101500
DTEND:20130913T111500
DTSTAMP:20260407T103019Z
UID:b09ce39d4bbdb436a9bff777f9b52c04555ac9edc6d5023488f86f3a
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Domitille Chalopin\nInstitut de Génomique Fonctionelle de Lyo
 n (IGFL)\nTransposable elements (TEs)\, commonly named mobile DNA\, are on
 e of the major components of vertebrate genomes. They largely contributed 
 to shape genomes by driving recombination\, deletion or insertion\, but al
 so by generating new functions through molecular domestication processes. 
 To better understand the roles of TEs in genomes\, a large amount of mobil
 omes is necessary to accumulate and annotate in many lineages. Nowadays\, 
 except many studies done in mammals\, chicken and some reptiles\, few info
 rmation are available in other vertebrate lineages.\nWe automatically and 
 manually re-annotated TEs in 10 non-tetrapod genomes and used available te
 trapod data to compare diversity\, abundance and bursts of TE activity in 
 all vertebrate lineages. Analyses of TEs in vertebrate genomes bring new i
 nsights into genome dynamics and evolution. As a general tendency\, TE div
 ersity tends to gradually decrease from fish to tetrapods\, with the poore
 st diversity observed in mammals. On the contrary\, the copy numbers of TE
  families tend to increase. Our analyses also show that vertebrate genomes
  contain a high proportion of small or degenerated sequences. The question
  that arises is why small remnants are not rapidly eliminated from genomes
 .\nTo tackle this last question\, we analyzed a gene\, called Gin-2\, whic
 h encodes an integrase similar to the ones of retrotransposons. We show th
 at this gene is highly expressed during adult life in fish and also during
  embryogenesis. In situ hybridization in zebrafish embryo showed that Gin-
 2 is highly expressed during the whole gastrulation process\, suggesting a
  role during the involution and the extension of the embryo. Altogether\, 
 through the process of molecular domestication\, TEs can be sources of new
  genes and new regulatory sequences becoming beneficial and helpful for th
 e host.
LOCATION:SV 3.510 
STATUS:CONFIRMED
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