BEGIN:VCALENDAR
VERSION:2.0
PRODID:-//Memento EPFL//
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:What we Learn from History to Master the Future Energy Challenge
DTSTART:20131126T150000
DTEND:20131126T160000
DTSTAMP:20260405T193142Z
UID:216a8dc8787a9a829d829509b5e72391822caf6afbd30a08f14ff327
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Prof. Andreas Züttel\, EMPA Materials Sciences & Technology\n
 The world wide energy demand increases just as rapidly as the average temp
 erature of the atmosphere. The reserves of fossil fuels worldwide are limi
 ted and the combustion of the carbon fuels leads to a severThe world wide 
 energy demand increases just as rapidly as the average temperature of the 
 atmosphere. The reserves of fossil fuels worldwide are limited and the com
 bustion of the carbon fuels leads to a severe increase of the CO2 concentr
 ation in the atmosphere. The latter is responsible for the climate change.
  Industrialization was based on an open cycle\, i.e. mining of materials a
 nd fossil fuels\, manufacturing the products and disposal of the used mate
 rials as well as release of the CO2 in the atmosphere. The sustainability 
 of the post industrialization era is determined by the ability to close th
 e materials cycles i.e. to change from fossil fuels as energy carriers to 
 renewable energy. Since renewable energy (solar\, geothermal and planet mo
 vement) occurs in energy fluxes\, an appropriate energy carrier has to be 
 synthesized. Furthermore\, all products used have to be recycled and the m
 aterials reused\, otherwise the industrialization of the world largest cou
 ntries India and China will not be possible.\nVolumetric vs. gravimetric e
 nergy density of important energy carriers [1].\nThe hydrogen cycle can be
  realized by only technical means\, i.e. no living matter is required and 
 only water is used as a material resource. The storage of hydrogen in meta
 ls and complex hydrides as stable compounds offers a great volumetric stor
 age density\, however the gravimetric storage density is limited to less t
 han 25mass% in the materials. In order to replace fossil fuels without sca
 rification on energy density\, synthetic fuels based on hydrogen e.g. NH3 
 or C8H18\, have to be developed. The latter also represents an effective C
 O2 sink for the atmosphere if it is produced in excess to the consumption.
 \ne increase of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The latter is res
 ponsible for the climate change. Industrialization was based on an open cy
 cle\, i.e. mining of materials and fossil fuels\, manufacturing the produc
 ts and disposal of the used materials as well as release of the CO2 in the
  atmosphere. The sustainability of the post industrialization era is deter
 mined by the ability to close the materials cycles i.e. to change from fos
 sil fuels as energy carriers to renewable energy. Since renewable energy (
 solar\, geothermal and planet movement) occurs in energy fluxes\, an appro
 priate energy carrier has to be synthesized. Furthermore\, all products us
 ed have to be recycled and the materials reused\, otherwise the industrial
 ization of the world largest countries India and China will not be possibl
 e.\nFig. 1:  Volumetric vs. gravimetric energy density of important energ
 y carriers [1].\nThe hydrogen cycle can be realized by only technical mean
 s\, i.e. no living matter is required and only water is used as a material
  resource. The storage of hydrogen in metals and complex hydrides as stabl
 e compounds offers a great volumetric storage density\, however the gravim
 etric storage density is limited to less than 25mass% in the materials. In
  order to replace fossil fuels without scarification on energy density\, s
 ynthetic fuels based on hydrogen e.g. NH3 or C8H18\, have to be developed.
  The latter also represents an effective CO2 sink for the atmosphere if it
  is produced in excess to the consumption.
LOCATION:BCH 3118 https://plan.epfl.ch/?room==BCH%203118
STATUS:CONFIRMED
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR