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SUMMARY:EESS talk on "Environmental Transmission of Enteric Bacteria: Less
 ons from Bangladesh\, Tanzania\, Vietnam\, U.S.A\, and Zimbabwe"
DTSTART:20171031T121500
DTEND:20171031T131500
DTSTAMP:20260428T043857Z
UID:7e7d379b9290add25857a1c6ec47a92b3439384cb14564525b5598b7
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Dr Tim Julian\, Group leader\, Pathogens and Human Health\, Dp
 t Environmental Microbiology\, EAWAG\n\nShort biography:\nDr Tim Julian is
  the Group Leader of the Pathogens and Human Health research group within 
 the Department of Environmental Microbiology at Eawag.  The group works t
 o increase the understanding of pathogen transmission at the boundary betw
 een humans and the environment.  Prior to starting his group at Eawag in 
 May 2014\, Tim completed a postdoctoral fellow in Environmental Health Sci
 ences at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in Baltimore\, Maryland USA
 \, and received his Ph.D. from Civil and Environmental Engineering program
  at Stanford University in Stanford\, California\, USA . \nAbstract:\nEve
 ry year\, more than half a million children die due to diarrheal diseases.
  Recent studies have identified the most important etiologies of diarrheal
  disease are enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli\, Shigella spp.\
 , rotavirus\, norovirus and Cryptosporidium spp. These etiologies are char
 acterized by a combination of high shedding\, high infectivity\, and trans
 missibility through multiple environmental reservoirs. It is therefore uns
 urprising that these microorganisms are regularly found throughout the hou
 sehold environment.  Through a series of research studies in Sub-Saharan 
 Africa\, Southeast Asia\, and the United States\, the dynamics of environm
 ental enteric bacteria in the household environment are explored.  Enteri
 c bacteria are found to be ubiquitous\, detected in drinking water and han
 dwashing water\, on hands\, soils\, and surfaces\, at surprisingly high co
 ncentrations.  Efforts to reduce microbial contamination are largely only
  temporary\, with handwashing – for example – having only a short term
  impact on microbial contamination on hands in Tanzania.  Modeling effort
 s from Tanzania and Vietnam to understand the transfer of enteric bacteria
  demonstrate the rapidity with which enteric bacteria move through the env
 ironment.  Impacts of rare contacts with highly contaminated objects – 
 such as soil flooring – drive exposures. Soil flooring\, in Bangladesh\,
  is shown to harbor virulent and antimicrobial resistant strains of E. col
 i.  The soil may also be a source of pathogenic E. coli\, as Bangladeshi 
 soils are shown to readily support the growth of enteropathogenic E. coli.
   In Zimbabwe\, efforts to identify risk factors for enteric bacterial co
 ntamination largely fail\, suggesting the need for a systems approach to b
 etter understand and reduce environmental enteric bacteria transmission in
  low and middle income countries.
LOCATION:GR C0 01 https://plan.epfl.ch/theme/generalite_thm_v2?room=GR%20C
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STATUS:CONFIRMED
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