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SUMMARY:Biogenic Scatterers\, Mirrors\, Multilayer Reflectors and Photonic
  Crystals. Futuristic Ancient Technologies
DTSTART:20180326T131500
DTEND:20180326T141500
DTSTAMP:20260510T084153Z
UID:8cc8221e170caaa1162c0585533e7536f0471f5c6332f0be5b22fc89
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Prof. Lia Addadi\, Weizmann Institute of Science\, Rehovot Isr
 ael\nOrganisms are able to construct an array of optical “devices” inc
 luding diffuse scatterers\, broadband reflectors\, tunable photonic crysta
 ls and mirrors by varying the size\, morphology and arrangement of organic
  crystals.\nThese “devices” perform a variety of optical functions\, s
 uch as generating the white color of certain spiders\, the metallic silver
 y reflectance of fish scales\, the brilliant iridescent colors of some cop
 epods\, and mirrors used for vision in animal eyes. The copepods feature l
 ight-induced tunable photonic crystals. Scallops have tens of eyes\, each 
 containing a concave multi-layered mirror tiled with a seamlessly tiled mo
 saic of square guanine crystals. The mirror forms images on a double-layer
 ed retina. Shrimp\, crayfish and lobsters possess compound eyes that also 
 use reflective optics\, and contain two sets of mirrors\, composed of a pr
 eviously unknown biogenic crystal – isoxanthopterine. The two mirrors ha
 ve very different ultrastructures and functions that we can rationalize in
  terms of the optical performance of the eye. In all these examples\, the 
 hierarchical organization is controlled from the component crystals at the
  nanoscale to the complex 3D morphology at the millimeter level.\n \n \n
 References:\n \nD Gur\, BA Palmer\, S Weiner\, L Addadi\nLight Manipulati
 on by Guanine Crystals in Organisms: Biogenic Scatterers\, Mirrors\, Multi
 layer Reflectors and Photonic Crystals\nAdv Funct Mater\, 1603514 (2017)\n
  \nBA Palmer\, GJ Taylor\, V Brumfeld\, D Gur\, M Shemesh\, N Elad\, A Os
 herov\, D Oron\, S Weiner\, L Addadi\nThe Image Forming Mirror in the Eye 
 of the Scallop\nScience\, 358\, 1172–1175 (2017)\n \nBenjamin A. Palmer
 \, Anna Hirsch\, Vlad Brumfeld\, Eliahu D. Aflalo\, Iddo Pinkas\, Amir Sag
 i\, Shaked Rozenne\, Dan Oron\, Leslie Leiserowitz\, Leeor Kronik\, Steve 
 Weiner and Lia Addadi\nIsoxanthopterin: An Optically Functional Biogenic C
 rystal in the Eyes of Decapod Crustaceans\nPNAS\, in press (2018)\nBio: Li
 a Addadi is a Professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot\, 
 Israel. Her research spans the mechanisms of biomineralization\, cell adhe
 sion\, and antibody recognition of organized materials\, and has implicati
 ons in areas as diverse as materials research\, optics and medicine. Her l
 aboratory (in collaboration with Steve Weiner’s) studies the interaction
 s and cross talk between crystals and biological environment in biomineral
 ization\, spanning several orders of magnitude from the molecular level to
  the cell and tissue level. The aim is to unravel the strategies and desig
 n principles of the mineralized tissues\, investigating them from their fo
 rmation pathways to the architecture and finally to structure-function rel
 ations. Of particular interest is currently the research on how organisms 
 manipulate light through complex crystalline architectures in plant leaves
 \, in fish scales\, crustacean cuticles and invertebrate eyes. Discovering
  similar pathways in widely different organisms raises fascinating questio
 ns about the material science advantages of the common solutions that evol
 ved. Lia Addadi’s work has been recognized in numerous instances\, inclu
 ding the Prelog Medal in Stereochemistry (1998)\, the 2009 Prize for Excel
 lence from the Israel Chemical Society\, the 2011 Aminoff Prize for Crysta
 llography by the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences\, and the 2017 election
  to the US Academy of Sciences.\n 
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STATUS:CONFIRMED
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