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SUMMARY:A new force awakens: comparative approach to tissue morphogenesis 
 in insects
DTSTART:20190327T161500
DTEND:20190327T171500
DTSTAMP:20260510T053612Z
UID:9c1ef47549d9c029b3e2d4ca501a4da8d9efb98d5a8e854e8735200f
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Pavel Tomancak\, Ph.D.\, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cel
 l Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG)\, Dresden (D)\nAbstract:\nDuring gastrula
 tion\, physical forces reshape the simple embryonic tissue to form a compl
 ex body plan of multicellular organisms. These forces often cause large-sc
 ale asymmetric movements of the embryonic tissue. In many embryos\, the ti
 ssue undergoing gastrulation movements is surrounded by a rigid protective
  shell. While it is well recognized that gastrulation movements depend on 
 forces generated by tissue-intrinsic contractility\, it is not known if in
 teractions between the tissue and the protective shell provide additional 
 forces that impact gastrulation. Our recent work has shown that a particul
 ar part of the blastoderm tissue of the red flour beetle Tribolium castane
 um tightly adheres in a temporally coordinated manner to the vitelline env
 elope surrounding the embryo. This attachment generates an additional forc
 e that counteracts the tissue-intrinsic contractile forces to create asymm
 etric tissue movements. Furthermore\, this localized attachment is mediate
 d by a specific integrin\, and its knock-down leads to a gastrulation phen
 otype consistent with complete loss of attachment. Moreover\, analysis of 
 another integrin in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster suggests that ga
 strulation in this organism also relies on adhesion between the blastoderm
  and the vitelline envelope. Together\, our findings reveal a conserved me
 chanism whereby the spatiotemporal pattern of tissue adhesion to the vitel
 line envelope provides controllable counter-forces that shape gastrulation
  movements in insects. It also provides a new perspective on evolution of 
 early gastrulation processes impacted by patterned contacts with the const
 raining extra-embryonic envelopes.\n\nBio:\nPavel Tomancak studied Molecul
 ar Biology and Genetics at the Masaryk University in Brno\, Czech Republic
 . He then did his PhD at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in the 
 field of Drosophila developmental genetics. During his post-doctoral time 
 at the University of California in Berkeley at the laboratory of Gerald M.
  Rubin\, he established image-based genome scale resources for patterns of
  gene expression in Drosophila embryos. Since 2005 he leads an independent
  research group at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and 
 Genetics (MPI-CBG) in Dresden where he became senior research group leader
  in 2013. His laboratory continues to study patterns of gene expression du
 ring development by combining molecular\, imaging and image analysis techn
 iques. The group has lead a significant technological development aiming t
 owards more complete quantitative description of gene expression patterns 
 using light sheet microscopy. The emphasis on open access resulted in esta
 blishment of major resources such as OpenSPIM (http://openspim.org) and Fi
 ji (http://fiji.sc). The Tomancak lab is expanding the systematic analysis
  of gene expression patterns to other Drosophila tissues and employing the
  comparative approach in other Drosophilids and invertebrate species.
LOCATION:SV 1717 https://plan.epfl.ch/?room==SV%201717
STATUS:CONFIRMED
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