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SUMMARY:MechE Colloquium: The role of CCS and CCU in a net-zero-CO2-emissi
 ons world
DTSTART:20191008T121500
DTEND:20191008T131500
DTSTAMP:20260916T194618Z
UID:854e44f7eab099ea39889e1cba5d52df82c7bf6cfc1ce5df14a4c66c
CATEGORIES:Conferences - Seminars
DESCRIPTION:Prof. Marco Mazzotti\, Department of Mechanical and Process En
 gineering\, ETH Zürich \nAbstract:\nCarbon Capture\, Utilization and Stor
 age systems play a central role in political debates\, technological effor
 ts and scientific developments around climate change\, as a consequence of
  two factors. First\, with the Paris Agreement\, countries have agreed to 
 hold global mean warming well below 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit it
  to 1.5°C. Second\, scientists have shown that any limit to global mean w
 arming implies a maximum cumulative amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio
 ns\, the so called carbon budget. Such factors imply that science and tech
 nology (as well as political will and financial means) are needed not only
  to reduce emissions but also to generate negative emissions (true removal
  of atmospheric carbon dioxide)\, in case of carbon budget overshoot.\nIn 
 order to assess the central role of CCUS we here advocate\, and follow\, a
  simplified system analysis approach\, rather than a detailed technical\, 
 environmental\, and/or economic analysis. This approach is based on the fr
 amework of a net-zero-CO2–emissions world. We have chosen this framework
  because CCUS technologies that are developed now are likely to be deploye
 d in a net-zero-CO2 world\; leading scientists estimate in fact that we ma
 y have to reach net-zero-CO2-emissions already by 2050 to fulfil the targe
 ts of the Paris agreement. Moreover\, the net-zero framework drastically s
 implifies the analysis: every carbon atom released to the atmosphere must 
 be taken back\; every fossil carbon atom produced must be returned to the 
 subsurface. Finally\, the simplified and somewhat idealised approach propo
 sed here allows drawing very insightful conclusions about key features of 
 CCUS sub-systems and provides a sanity-check on proposed CCUS schemes and 
 a rather valuable preliminary framework before carrying out a full-fledged
  LCA.\nIn this context\, the reuse of CO2 as a feedstock to produce fuels 
 or chemicals has greatly appealed to scientists\, industry\, and policy ma
 kers\, as a way to mitigate climate change\, and to contribute to a circul
 ar economy. Since the progress of CO2 capture and permanent underground st
 orage (CCS) appears to be slower than expected\, CO2 capture and utilisati
 on (CCU) has been advocated as a valid alternative to mitigate CO2 emissio
 ns from power plants and industry. At the same time\, the emergence of lar
 ger shares of intermittent renewables in the power system has provided a t
 hrust to search for means of long-term\, seasonal storage and long-range t
 ransport of renewable energy. The production of hydrogen from green electr
 icity could provide such a means\, through its combination with captured C
 O2 to form carbon-based fuels.\nWhile the debate has thus far focused on t
 he conversion step of CO2 into usable products\, a more system-oriented vi
 ew is required to truly understand its merits and drawbacks. Using the net
 -zero-CO2–emissions framework\, we analyze the efficiencies of CO2-based
  and CO2-free synthetic fuel systems. We used seasonal\, renewable electri
 city storage with chemical energy carriers as the starting point in a comp
 arative assessment of CO2-based methane and methanol and carbon-free hydro
 gen and ammonia. The resulting loss of primary renewable power that drives
  each system is high: converting power into a synthesized fuel and combust
 ing it to reproduce power on demand leads to an efficiency loss of up to 7
 5% which goes up to 92% when they are used for propulsion. Compared to hyd
 rogen\, the other energy carriers suffer from increased system complexity 
 and consequently lower efficiency. We use exergy analysis to investigate t
 he improvement potential of all systems. This work highlights clear challe
 nges for the use of chemical energy carriers for seasonal energy storage\,
  although viable alternatives are yet unavailable.\n \nSuggested readings
 \n1.         Davis et al.\, Net-zero emissions energy systems\, Sc
 ience 360\, eaas9793 (2018) 29 June 2018\n2.         Bui et al.\, 
 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): the way forward\, Energy Environ. Scienc
 e 11 (2018) 1062-1176 \n3.         Schlögl et al.\, Novel carbon 
 capture and utilization technologies: Research and climate aspects\, SAPEA
  Evidence Review Report No. 2 (2018) -. https://www.sapea.info/wp-content/
 uploads/CCU-report-web-version pdf.\n4.         Sutter D.\, van de
 r Spek M.\, Mazzotti M.\, 110th Anniversary: Evaluation of CO2-based and C
 O2-free synthetic fuel systems using a net-zero-CO2-emission framework\, I
 nd. Eng. Chem. Res. (2019) (accepted)\n\nBio: \nMarco Mazzotti\, an Italia
 n and Swiss citizen born in 1960\, married\, with two children\, has been 
 professor of process engineering at ETH Zurich since May 1997 (associate u
 ntil March 2001 and Full Professor thereafter). He holds a Laurea (MSc\, 1
 984) and a Ph.D. (1993)\, both in Chemical Engineering and from the Polite
 cnico di Milano\, Italy. Before joining ETH Zurich\, he had worked five ye
 ars in industry (1985-1990)\, and had been Assistant Professor at the Poli
 tecnico di Milano (1994–1997).\nHe was coordinating lead author of the I
 PCC Special Report on CCS (2002-2005)\, President of the International Ads
 orption Society (2010–2013)\, and chairman of the Board of the Energy Sc
 ience Center of the ETH Zurich (2011-2017). He is Chairman of the Working 
 Party on Crystallization of the EFCE (since 1.07.2014) and one of the six 
 Executive Editors of Chemical Engineering Science (since 1.1.2012). He was
  a contributor to the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 awarded to the Intergover
 nmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He was the recipient of an honorar
 y doctorate from the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg\, Germany (201
 4). He has been awarded a European Research Council Advanced Grant towards
  „Studying secondary nucleation for the intensification of continuous cr
 ystallization“ (2018-2023).\nHe has published more than 300 papers in re
 fereed international journals and books and 6 book chapters\, and has deli
 vered more than 120 invited lectures. His ISI h-factor is 54 (August 21st\
 , 2019)\, with almost 11000 citations\, of which almost 10000 not self-cit
 ations. 45 doctoral students have graduated with him and 16 doctoral stude
 nts are currently advised by him.\nHe was the chair of the 9th Internation
 al Conference on Fundamentals of Adsorption FOA9 (Taormina\, I\, May 20–
 25\, 2007)\, of the 18th International Symposium on Industrial Crystalliza
 tion (Zurich\, CH\, September 15–16\, 2011)\, and of the 2019 Gordon Res
 earch Conference on Carbon\, Capture\, Utilization and Storage (Les Diable
 rets\, CH\, May 5-10\, 2019).
LOCATION:MED 0 1418 https://plan.epfl.ch/?room==MED%200%201418
STATUS:CONFIRMED
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