Harnessing Photons for Controlling Soft Matter with Upconversion

Two-photon absorption (2PA) has revolutionized nanoscale additive manufacturing by enabling precise volumetric patterning throughout a sample of photocurable resin. Still, high input power requirements limit print speed and volume. Here, I will discuss a solution to this problem with another nonlinear process: triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (UC). By engineering the UC materials and nanoencapsulation motifs, structures can be volumetrically printed at significantly decreased input powers. Additionally, flexibility in UC material selection facilitates single-point or parallel printing schemes, improving print speed and materials circularity. Finally, I will present my vision for engineering nanomaterials for precise photon delivery in manufacturing and smart materials.